复合介词归纳——“in+名词+to”类型
“复合介词” 是由一个介词与其他词（通常是名词、副词、动词的过去分词等）结合形成的短语，用来表示更复杂的关系。其中 “in + 名词 + to” 是一种常见的复合介词结构，以下是几个例子：
- in addition to： In addition to his regular job, he also volunteers at the shelter. （除了他的常规工作，他还在收容所做志愿者。）
- in contrast to： In contrast to the sunny weather yesterday, it’s cloudy today. （与昨天的阳光明媚不同，今天多云。）
- in reference to： The letter was written in reference to the recent meeting. （这封信是针对最近的会议写的。）
- in relation to： The study aims to understand the effects of pollution in relation to health. （这项研究旨在了解污染对健康的影响。）
- in regard to： They had a discussion in regard to the budget cuts. （他们就预算削减问题进行了讨论。）
- in opposition to： He voted in opposition to the proposed policy. （他投了反对票，反对提议的政策。）
- in comparison to： In comparison to other cities, this one is more vibrant. （与其他城市相比，这个城市更有活力。）
- in relation to： Her actions were in relation to her beliefs. （她的行动与她的信仰有关。）
- in response to： The company acted swiftly in response to the customer complaints. （公司迅速采取行动，以回应顾客的抱怨。）
这些复合介词结构中的 “in + 名词 + to” 部分共同构成一个含义，它们在句子中用来表达不同的关系，比如添加、对比、参考、关系等。
■in addition to 除……外
In addition to his salary, he has a bonus of 6 yuan per month. 除工资外，他每月还有6元钱奖金。
In addition to giving me some advice, he gave me some money. 他不仅给我提了些忠告，而且还给了我一些钱。
■in answer to作为对……的回答；响应……的请求
In answer to his question, she shook her head. 对于他的问题，她以摇头作答。
The doctor came at once in answer to my phone call. 医生一接到我的电话就来了。
■in contrast to与……相反（完全不同）；与……相比，与……形成对比
In contrast to his brother, he was always considerate in his treatment of others. 和他弟弟相反，他总是能体谅他人。
The white half figure stood out plainly in contrast with the dark background. 以黑色背景相衬，白色半身像显得一清二楚。
■in opposition to 与……相反（相对）
His views are in opposition to mine. 他的意见与我的意见相反。
■in preference to 优先于，比起……来宁愿
She wears flowers in preference to jewels. 她宁可戴花而不戴珠宝。
I should choose this in preference to any other. 我宁愿选择这个而不要其他的。
■in proportion to 相对……来说；与……成比例
The room is wide in proportion to its height. 这房间就其高度的比例而言是很宽的。
The tax increases in proportion to the amount you earn. 所得税随着你的收入额按比例增加。
■in reference to 关于，有关
I am writing in reference to your job application. 敬复者，关于您申请工作一事。
He spoke in reference to the new plan. 他就有关新计划的问题发表了谈话。
【注】其中的in也可换成with。如：
I have nothing to say with [in] reference to that incident. 关于那件事我无可奉告。
■in regard to 关于，对于
What have you to say in regard to that subject? 对那个问题你有什么要说的？
In regard to his suggestions, we shall discuss them fully. 关于他的建议，我们将充分地讨论。
【注】有时也说with regard to。如：
With regard to your recent application, I am afraid we are unable to offer you the job. 关于你最近的申请，恐怕我们不能给你这个职位。
■in relation to 关于；涉及；与……相比
Many questions were asked, particularly in relation to the cost of the new buildings. 大家提出的问题很多，尤其是涉及新大厦成本的。
Prices are low in relation to those in other parts of Europe. 与欧洲其他地方相比，这里的物价是较低的。
【注】有时也说with relation to。如：
We must plan with relation to the future. 我们制定计划必须考虑未来的因素。
■in reply to 对……的回复(www.hxen.com)
What did he do in reply to your challenge? 你提出与他较量，他作何反应？
What did you say in reply to that? 对此你是怎么回答的？
■in respect to 关于，作为……的报酬
In respect of this problem, we don’t have to draw a conclusion here. 关于这个问题，我们没有必要在此作结论。
【注】其中的to也可换成of。如：
We should give him $100 in respect of the work he has done. 我们应付给他100美元作为他的工作报酬。
■in response to 作为对……的回答（响应）
She laughed in response to his jokes. 他的笑话引得她大笑。
The government acted in response to economic pressure. 政府因应经济压力而采取行动。
