关于分词作状语的用法说明
分词作状语是英语中一种常见的用法，它可以用来修饰或说明主句中的动作。分词可以是现在分词（-ing 形式）或过去分词（-ed 形式），具体用法取决于动作的时间和关系。以下是一些例子，以及它们的中文翻译，帮助你理解分词作状语的用法：
现在分词作状语： 现在分词作状语可以表示伴随动作、原因、方式等。
- Feeling tired, she decided to take a nap.
- 中文：感到疲倦，她决定小睡一会儿。
- 解释：”Feeling tired” 是现在分词短语，表示伴随动作，说明她为什么决定小睡。
- Driving carefully, he avoided the accident.
- 中文：开车小心，他避免了事故。
- 解释：”Driving carefully” 是现在分词短语，表示方式，说明他是如何避免事故的。
过去分词作状语： 过去分词作状语可以表示完成的动作、原因、条件等。
- Having finished his homework, he went out to play.
- 中文：完成作业后，他出去玩了。
- 解释：”Having finished his homework” 是过去分词短语，表示在完成作业之后，他出去玩了。
- Exhausted from the long journey, they decided to rest.
- 中文：因为长途旅行疲惫不堪，他们决定休息。
- 解释：”Exhausted from the long journey” 是过去分词短语，表示原因，说明他们为什么决定休息。
分词作状语的时间关系： 注意分词作状语时的时间关系，现在分词表示的是与主句动作同时或伴随发生的动作，而过去分词表示的是在主句动作之前完成的动作。
总的来说，分词作状语可以丰富句子的含义，使句子更加详细和有趣。无论是现在分词还是过去分词，它们都能够提供额外的信息，增强句子的表达力。
分词作状语是分词最主要的作用之一。本文拟对其用法作归纳和说明。
一、分词用作时间状语
Seeing the door open, the stranger entered the house. 那个陌生人看见门开着就进了屋子。
The work finished, they went home. 工作做完后，他们就回家了。
【说明】分词(短语)用作时间状语通常可转换成时间状语从句(引导时间状语的从属连词需根据句意来确定)，如上面两句也可转换成：
When he saw the door open, the stranger entered the house.
When [As soon as] the mouse saw the cat, it ran off.
After the work was finished, they went home.
请看下面的例题：
When ______ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.
A. compared B. being compared
C. comparing D. having compared
【分析】此题答案选C，分词短语when comparing different cultures相当于时间状语从句when we compare different cultures。
二、分词用作原因状语
Being athletic, Tom found the climb quite easy. 由于身体健壮，汤姆觉得爬山很容易。
His car broken down, he had to walk. 他的车坏了，所以只好走路。
Much discouraged, she moved on to London. 她很沮丧，搬到了伦敦。
【说明】分词(短语)用作原因状语通常可转换成由as, because, since, now that 等引导的原因状语从句，如上面三句也可转换成：
As she was very weak, she couldn’t move.
As he was athletic, Tom found the climb quite easy.
Because his car broken was down, he had to walk.
Because she was much discouraged, she moved on to London.
请看下面的例题：
(1) ______ with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time.
A. Faced B. Face C. Facing D. To face
【分析】答案选A。现在分词短语faced with so much trouble可转换成原因状语从句because we were faced with so much trouble。(from www.yywords.com)
(2) ______ for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits. (2006福建卷)
A. Blaming B. Blamed C. To blame D. To be blamed
【分析】答案选B。现在分词短语blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network可转换成原因状语从句because she was blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network。
