有些动词既可以接不定式作宾语,也可以接动名词作宾语,具体取决于动词后的意义和语境。以下是一些例子,以及它们的中文翻译,展示了这些既可接不定式又可接动名词作宾语的动词:
- Begin:
- He began to study for the exam.
- 中文:他开始为考试学习。
- He began studying for the exam.
- 中文:他开始学习考试。
- He began to study for the exam.
- Like:
- She likes to read mystery novels.
- 中文:她喜欢读侦探小说。
- She likes reading mystery novels.
- 中文:她喜欢读侦探小说。
- She likes to read mystery novels.
- Love:
- They love to travel to new places.
- 中文:他们喜欢去新地方旅行。
- They love traveling to new places.
- 中文:他们喜欢去新地方旅行。
- They love to travel to new places.
- Hate:
- He hates to wait for long periods of time.
- 中文:他讨厌长时间等待。
- He hates waiting for long periods of time.
- 中文:他讨厌长时间等待。
- He hates to wait for long periods of time.
- Begin:
- They started to learn a new language.
- 中文:他们开始学习一门新语言。
- They started learning a new language.
- 中文:他们开始学习一门新语言。
- They started to learn a new language.
- Continue:
- She continued to work on the project.
- 中文:她继续在这个项目上工作。
- She continued working on the project.
- 中文:她继续在这个项目上工作。
- She continued to work on the project.
- Prefer:
- He prefers to cook at home.
- 中文:他更喜欢在家做饭。
- He prefers cooking at home.
- 中文:他更喜欢在家做饭。
- He prefers to cook at home.
这些动词根据语境和意义,可以选择接不定式或动名词作为宾语。使用哪种形式取决于想要表达的细微差别,以及动词后的宾语是否需要说明动作的目的、方式、习惯等。
第(1)类
动词attempt, begin, continue, intend, start等接不定式或动词-ing 形式做宾语意义不变。如:
We began learning / to learn English when we came to junior middle school. 我们来初中学习时才开始学习英语。
但是,值得注意的是:begin, start 用于进行时态时,后面的非谓语动词只能是不定式。如:
He is beginning to work in that company. 他即将开始去那个公司工作。
另外,begin,start后面的非谓语动词若是表示心理活动方面的动词know, love, like, understand, hate, enjoy, appreciate,只能是不定式。如:
After the talk with his English teacher, he began to like English. 跟英语老师谈话之后,她开始喜欢英语了。
第(2)类
动词forget, remember, regret等接不定式时,表示非谓语动词的动作发生于谓语动词的动作之后;接动词-ing 形式做宾语时,表示非谓语动词的动作发生于谓语动词的动作之前;如:
I forgot to tell you about it. 我忘记告诉你那件事了(from www.hxen.com)。
I remembered giving the book to Li Lei, but he said I didn’t. 我记得我把书给李蕾了,但是他说我没有给。
但是,动词forget, remember, regret等接动词-ing 形式、接动词-ing 形式的完成式或不定式的完成式做宾语时,意义相同。如:
I regretted to have broken the rules of our class. = I regretted having broken the rules of our class. 我后悔违反了班规。
第(3)类
hate, like, love, prefer等接不定式时,通常表示一次性或具体动作;接动词-ing 形式做宾语时,通常表示一般性或习惯性的动作。但在现代英语中,通常不加区别地混用。如:
I hate to go boating today. 今天我不想去划船。
I hate going boating. 我讨厌划船。
第(4)类
动词mean接不定式作宾语时,表示一种意图,意思是:打算做,想要做;接动词-ing 形式做宾语时,表示解释,意思是:意味着,意思是。如:
I didn’t mean to bother you. 我本不想打扰你(from www.hxen.com)。
What he said means going there by air. 他说话的意思是坐飞机去那儿。
第(5)类
try接不定式作宾语时,表示一种决心,意思是:设法做,尽力做;接动词-ing 形式做宾语时,表示没有把握,意思是:试着做。如:
I’ll try to catch up with my class this term. 这一学期我将尽力赶上同学们。
I tried reading the text without consulting my dictionary. 我试着不查词典来阅读课文。
第(6)类
动词go on, stop等接不定式时,表示一种目的,意思是:继续或停下来的目的是要去干另一件事;接动词-ing 形式做宾语时,表示继续或停止所做的事情,意思是:继续或停止做。如(from www.hxen.com):
Now stop to listen me, please. 现在停下来听我讲。
Now stop writing, please. 现在停止写字。