什么是现在完成时?
现在完成时是英语中用来描述与现在相关的过去动作或经验,尤其强调这些过去的动作与当前时间的联系。它通常用来表示过去的某个时间点之前已经完成的动作或状态。以下是一些例子,展示了现在完成时的用法:
- 过去的动作对当前状态的影响:
- She has eaten lunch, so she’s not hungry now.(她已经吃过午餐了,所以现在不饿。)
- They have finished their homework, and now they can relax.(他们已经完成作业,现在可以放松了。)
- 经历或经验:
- I have been to Paris three times.(我去过巴黎三次。)
- He has never tried sushi before.(他以前从未尝试过寿司。)
- 不具体的时间点或时间段:
- I have watched that movie.(我看过那部电影。)
- She has traveled to many countries.(她去过很多国家。)
- 与当前情况相关的过去经验:
- I can’t find my keys. Have you seen them?(我找不到我的钥匙。你看到过吗?)
- Have you ever been to a concert?(你去过音乐会吗?)
- 从过去到现在的动作:
- He has lived in this city since 2010.(自2010年以来,他一直住在这个城市。)
- She has worked at that company for five years.(她在那家公司工作了五年。)
现在完成时用来描述过去到现在的经验、动作或状态,强调这些与当前时间的关系。
1. 现在完成时的形式
have/has + 过去分词
2. 现在完成时的用法
1) 表示一件事已经发生,这件事对现在有影响或与现在情况有联系。
* We‘ve finished the work. 我们已经完成了工作。
* Someone has broken the window. 有人把窗户打破了。
* Have you seen my bag? 你看到我的手提包了吗? No. I haven’t. 不,我没看见。
* I haven’t finished my homework. Can you help me?我还没完成我的功课。你可以帮帮我吗?
* My father has read the novel twice. 我爸爸已经看过两遍这本小说了。
* They‘ve bought some plates. You don’t have to buy any more. 他们已经买了一些碟子。你不用再买了。
* Who has opened the window? 谁把窗子打开了?
2) 表示持续到现在的状态
* Have you waited long? 你等了很久吗?
* The temperature has stayed hot this week. 这星期天气一直很热。
* We have been busy this afternoon. 今天下午我们一直很忙。
* He has lived here since 1978.自从1978年以来,他一直住在这儿。
* She has stayed in her room for hours! 她在房间里呆了几个小时了!
3. 现在完成时在表达时常和一些词连用:
1) 常和 just, already, yet , recently, lately, ever, never 等副词连用
* I haven’t seen the movie yet. 我还没看这部电影。
* Have you ever sung this English song?你曾唱过这首英文歌吗?
* I‘ve just lost my chemistry book. 我刚才丢了我的化学书。
* We‘ve already returned the car. 我们已经把车还了。
* Recently the problem has aroused people’s concern. 最近这个问题引起了人们的关注。
* There have been a lot of changes in our city recently. 我们的城市最近发生了很大的变化。
* Have you heard from your family lately? 你最近收到家人的来信了吗?
* We have never heard of it before.我们从来没有听说过这件事。
2) 常和for, since 等引导的状语连用,或与how long 连用。
* We‘ve learnt English for three years. 我们学习英语已经三年了。
* I haven’t met him for a long time. 我好长时间没见到他了。
* How long have they been in China? 他们在中国呆了多长时间了?
* Mr. Smith has worked here since 1984. 1984年以来,史密斯先生一直在这工作。