英语语法中的补语是用来补充或说明主语或宾语的成分,通常位于动词之后,可以是形容词、名词、副词或介词短语。形容词补语描述主语的状态或特征,名词补语指代主语或宾语的身份、性质或状态,副词补语修饰系动词或及物动词的宾语,介词短语补语描述主语或宾语的位置、方向、时间等。掌握补语的用法可以帮助理解英语句子的结构和意义。
- 形容词补语
形容词补语通常用来描述主语的状态或者特征,一般放在系动词(be, seem, become, appear等)之后。例如:
- She is beautiful. (她很漂亮。)
- He seems tired. (他看起来很累。)
- The flowers became withered.(花儿枯萎了。)
- 名词补语
名词补语通常用来指代主语或者宾语的身份、性质或者状态,放在系动词之后。例如:
- My brother is a doctor. (我哥哥是一名医生。)
- She became a mother. (她成为了一名母亲。)
- They elected him as the chairman.(他们选举他为主席。)
- 副词补语
副词补语通常用来修饰系动词或者及物动词的宾语,表示时间、地点、方式、原因等。例如:
- She danced gracefully. (她跳舞优美。)
- He ate his breakfast quickly. (他快速吃完了早餐。)
- They looked at me suspiciously.(他们怀疑地看着我。)
- 介词短语补语
介词短语补语通常用来描述主语或者宾语的位置、方向、时间等,放在及物动词之后。例如:
- She put the book on the table. (她把书放在桌子上。)
- He walked towards the park. (他朝着公园走去。)
- They arrived at the airport on time.(他们准时到达了机场。)